My Romanian Trip » Destinations » Băile Herculane, Romania 

Băile Herculane, Romania 

Neptune Imperial Baths, historic building in Băile Herculane, Romania.

Băile Herculane is in southwestern Romania, in Caraș-Severin County, within the picturesque Cerna Valley in the Banat region. The town sits in the National Park  Domogled – Valea Cernei, renowned for its healing thermal springs and stunning natural surroundings. You might also hear the spa town referred to by its Hungarian name, Herkulesfürdő, or its German name, Herkulesbad

The thermal waters at Baile Herculane and their benefits 

There are 19 known thermo-mineral water springs along the Cerna River and around the Băile Herculane resort. Nine are captured and used for their therapeutic properties, as they are rich in sulfur, sodium chloride, bicarbonate, bromine, iodine and other minerals. 

The waters are particularly notable for their high sulfur content, which has anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects. These properties make them beneficial for conditions such as arthritis, rheumatism, and skin issues like eczema and psoriasis. Sulfur also supports joint health by reducing pain and swelling, making the waters ideal for musculoskeletal therapies. 

Calcium and magnesium in the waters contribute to muscle relaxation, improve bone and joint health, and relieve muscle fatigue and cramps. Magnesium, specifically, aids in cardiovascular function and helps with stress reduction, enhancing overall relaxation.  

The thermal waters, with temperatures typically ranging from 38°C to 60°C (100°F to 140°F), amplify these benefits by promoting better blood circulation, reducing muscle tension, and relieving stress. 

By the way, the general smell at Băile Herculane is distinctively sulfurous due to the high sulfur content in many of its thermal springs. This gives the air a noticeable “rotten egg” odour, especially near the springs with higher concentrations of hydrogen sulfide.  

Despite the smell, the sulfurous springs do not negatively impact air quality. On the contrary, the mineral-rich air can offer therapeutic benefits when inhaled. The mineral-rich air in Băile Herculane and the pristine mountain environment attract many visitors looking for relief from respiratory issues. 

Landmarks and things to do in Băile Herculane 

Băile Herculane offers a variety of activities centred on wellness, history, and nature. While thermal treatments may require several days, one day is sufficient to explore the town and its main attractions. 

The Apollo Baths 

Located in the historical centre, the Apollo Baths now serve as a modest museum. The springs feeding the baths were first utilized by the Romans, who constructed thermal facilities to harness the waters’ healing properties. Visitors can still view remnants of Roman-era infrastructure, including stone foundations, inscriptions, and wood plumbing that channelled the spring water. 

Over the centuries, the site endured damage during Ottoman attacks and fell into disrepair. In the 18th century, during Austro-Hungarian rule, it was restored and expanded, transforming into a luxurious spa frequented by European nobility. 

Housed in a historic building, the Apollo Baths include numerous private bathing rooms, with the most notable featuring impressive high arcades that showcase the elegance of the era. Although the thermal springs remain active, the facility is no longer used for bathing and now serves solely as a historical site. 

Admission is only 15 lei / €3 (as of 2025), making it a worthwhile stop to experience how Austrian emperors and nobility once enjoyed the baths. 

Historic center of Băile Herculane with the Apollo Baths Museum entrance.
The historic center of Băile Herculane. The entrance for the Apollo Baths Museum is easy to miss.

Thermal SPA treatments 

Many local hotels and wellness centres offer spa services, such as electrotherapy, aerosols, mud baths, and mineral water treatments. These facilities allow visitors to experience the therapeutic benefits of the area’s thermal waters in a comfortable, professional setting. 

Along the Cerna River, stretching for approximately 8 kilometres (5 miles), there are various bathing areas where anyone can enjoy the therapeutic waters free of charge, surrounded by nature. There are poorly maintained bathtubs, like the famous place “La cădițe” at 7 Izvoare (Seven Springs), outside the town and also small pools made from river stones to capture the warm thermal waters. The springs maintain a comfortably warm temperature year-round, making these informal baths a favourite spot even during colder months.  

The historical buildings of Băile Herculane

Băile Herculane is a long, narrow town spanning about 5 kilometres (3.10 miles), with several parallel streets on both sides of the Cerna River. The most picturesque part is the historical centre—Hercules Square—which stretches from the Roman Catholic Church to the Stone Bridge over the Cerna. 

The spa culture in this place dates back to Roman times but flourished during the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This era left behind an array of impressive neo-baroque and Art Nouveau buildings. While some have been beautifully restored, many striking structures await their turn.

Grota Haiducilor (Outlaws’ Cave) 

You don’t need to be an experienced hiker to reach Grota Haiducilor (Outlaws’ Cave). Located near the Roman Hotel and Roman Baths, the cave is accessible via a short 5-minute hike on a forest trail.  

The cave itself isn’t spectacular. It used to be a hiding place for outlaws, and the walls have name tags, the oldest of which date back to the 18th century. 

The touristic train Dotto 

People of all ages can explore the town by riding on the Dotto tourist train. The route starts at the U.G.S.R. station on Castanilor Street, directly across from Restaurant Pizzerie Cristal. The train passes through the historic centre and by the Hercules statue before continuing to the 7 Izvoare (7 Springs) area, located outside the town. The distance between U.G.S.R. station and 7 Izvoare is around 6 km (3,7 miles).  

A full round-trip ride costs 20 lei for adults and 10 lei for children under 10. Many visitors use the train to reach 7 Izvoare for a bath, paying only half the price for a one-way trip. 

The train officially operates from spring to September. However, it may also run outside this period if favourable weather conditions. The schedule runs from 10:00 AM to 10:00 PM, with departures every 30–45 minutes. During the off-season, the train leaves the station when the driver considers there are enough passengers for a ride. 

Dotto tourist train in Băile Herculane, Romania, at the U.G.S.R. station.
A Dotto tourist train at the U.G.S.R. station, waiting for travellers.

The best time to visit 

The best time to visit Băile Herculane depends on your preferred activities and the kind of experience you’re looking for.  

Spring (April to June) 

  • Why visit: Ideal for hiking and exploring nearby nature trails, with blooming wildflowers and moderate temperatures. 
  • Weather: Mild temperatures and less rainfall make it pleasant for outdoor activities. 

Summer (July to August) 

  • Why visit: Great for experiencing the spas, but it’s also peak season, so expect more visitors. 
  • Weather: Hot and sunny, with temperatures often around 25-30°C (77-86°F), ideal for spa relaxation. 

Autumn (September to October) 

  • Why visit: A quieter season with beautiful fall colours, especially for hiking and sightseeing. 
  • Weather: Cooler than summer, with comfortable temperatures for hiking and exploring. 

Winter (November to March) 

  • Why visit: Low season with fewer tourists, ideal if you prefer a quieter experience. 
  • Weather: Chilly, sometimes dropping below freezing, but spa resorts remain open for relaxation. 

For a well-rounded experience with comfortable weather and fewer crowds, spring and autumn are generally the best times to visit Băile Herculane. Bring a jacket on you! Being at a higher altitude, Băile Herculane experiences cooler temperatures year-round compared to lower-lying areas. 

Cerna River flowing through the forest in Băile Herculane, Romania.
Cerna River with thermal “pools” made from river stones in Băile Herculane, Romania.

How to get to Băile Herculane, Romania 

Reaching Băile Herculane is relatively straightforward by train, car or bus, depending on your starting point and preferences. 

By train 

Train tickets can be purchased online through the CFR (Romanian Railways) website or at train station kiosks. Note that the train station in Băile Herculane is located on the outskirts of town, so a taxi ride will be necessary to reach the centre. 

Băile Herculane is conveniently located on the main railway line connecting Bucharest and Timișoara. The journey from Bucharest takes about 8 hours with InterCity, while the trip from Timișoara is shorter, lasting approximately 4 hours.

Travelling by train is convenient and scenic, particularly as you approach the picturesque Cerna Valley. 

By car 

Driving to Băile Herculane offers flexibility and allows you to explore nearby attractions along the way. 

  • From Bucharest: Take the A1 motorway towards Pitești, then continue on DN6 (European Route E70) via Craiova and Orșova. The drive takes approximately 6 hours. 
  • From Timișoara: Follow DN6/E70 southeast through Caransebeș, which takes around 3 hours. 

The roads are generally well-maintained, but be cautious in the mountainous sections near Băile Herculane, especially during winter. 

By bus 

Buses and minibuses connect Băile Herculane with several cities, including Râmnicu Vâlcea, Târgu Jiu, Caransebeș, and Timișoara. However, there is no direct bus connection from Bucharest. 

Herculane bus station is near the railway station. From there, you’ll need to take a taxi to the downtown area. 

By air 

The closest airports to Băile Herculane are Bucharest, Timișoara and Craiova. 

  • Craiova International Airport (CRA): 160 km / 100 miles away. 
  • Timișoara Traian Vuia International Airport (TSR): 170 km / 105 miles away 
  • Bucharest Henri Coandă International Airport (OTP): 390 km / 242 miles away. 

Where to stay in Băile Herculane 

As a town with significant tourist value, Băile Herculane offers a wide range of accommodations to suit different preferences and budgets. Visitors can choose from 3- and 4-star hotels, bed-and-breakfasts, guesthouses, and even Airbnb rentals. 

How to choose accommodation 

Since the town is primarily focused on health and therapy, it’s highly recommended to select an accommodation that provides wellness services. Several hotels and guesthouses have captured thermal spring waters for their customers, offering treatments right on-site. This can enhance your experience and make your stay more relaxing and beneficial. 

Location is another important consideration. Most accommodations are in the U.G.S.R neighbourhood, developed during the communist era. This area is an ideal choice, located near the historical centre and a variety of restaurants and shops.

For a truly memorable experience, opt for a room with views of the mountains and the Cerna River. The natural scenery adds a serene element to your visit, perfect for unwinding and enjoying the beauty of Băile Herculane. 

What else to visit around Băile Herculane 

The surroundings of Băile Herculane feature a blend of historical, cultural, and natural attractions. Whether you’re interested in history, architecture, or outdoor adventures, here are some ideas for one-day trips: 

Orșova and the Iron Gates Region 

Located 30 minutes from Băile Herculane, Orșova is the starting point for exploring the breathtaking Iron Gates Natural Park. Take a boat trip along the Danube to admire the dramatic Cazanele Dunării (Danube Gorges). 

Iron Gates 1 Dam and Hydroelectric Power Station  

Between Orșova and Drobeta Turnu Severin is the fourth largest hydroelectric power station in Europe, Porțile de Fier 1 (Iron Gates 1). This impressive structure offers guided tours that highlight its engineering significance.  

Drobeta-Turnu Severin 

This historical city is about an hour’s drive from Băile Herculane. Visit the Severin Fortress and the Iron Gates Museum for insights into the region’s history and the construction of the Iron Gates Dam. 

Caransebeș 

Caransebeș, a charming town about 90 minutes from Băile Herculane, is the capital of the Banat region. It’s an essential stop for those interested in the local history and culture.

Tismana Monastery 

One of the oldest monasteries in Romania, Tismana is nestled in a serene mountain setting, about 1,5 hours from Băile Herculane. It’s a peaceful retreat in Byzantine-style architecture and a mountain backdrop. 

Târgu Jiu 

Less than 2 hours away, Târgu Jiu is home to the masterpieces of Romanian sculptor Constantin Brâncuși. The Sculptural Ensemble by Constantin Brâncuși is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a must-see. In Târgu-Jiu you’ll have the opportunity to see Endless Column, Table of Silence, and Gate of the Kiss.

Hiking and Nature Exploration 

For outdoor enthusiasts, the Cerna Valley offers hiking trails through lush forests, rugged peaks, and pristine streams. Explore Domogled-Valea Cernei National Park, which boasts diverse flora and fauna, karst formations, and ancient beech forests. The park features trails suitable for all difficulty levels. 

Brief history: Băile Herculane since its beginnings until modern times 

Băile Herculane is Romania’s oldest spa town, founded in 102 AD by Roman Emperor Trajan for Roman soldiers and citizens to benefit from the mineral-rich, sulfurous thermal springs. The location was named Therme Herculi after Hercules, the mythological hero known for his strength. 

After the Romans left Dacia in 271 AD, Băile Herculane saw periods of decline and disuse as the region faced invasions and territorial shifts over the following centuries. During the medieval period, the thermal springs continued to be exploited sporadically, but the area did not develop significantly. Local communities likely knew about the springs’ health benefits, yet without organized infrastructure, the site lacked the prominence it held during Roman times. 

It wasn’t until the 18th century, when the Banat region came under Habsburg rule after the Ottoman Empire’s retreat, that Băile Herculane saw major revitalization. The Austrian authorities recognized the potential of the thermal springs and began large-scale renovations. Particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, Băile Herculane flourished as a fashionable resort, attracting European nobility and aristocracy, including Emperor Franz Joseph and Empress Elisabeth (Sissi) of Austria. 

In the 20th century, the town continued to be a popular destination. The Romanian communist government promoted it as an affordable wellness and therapeutic site, developing large-scale, modernist accommodations to handle the influx of visitors. High-rise hotels were constructed in a functional, modernist architectural style, contrasting the historical Austro-Hungarian buildings. 

After the fall of communism in 1989, Băile Herculane entered a period of economic decline and neglect. Many of the historic spa buildings, hotels, and infrastructure fell into disrepair as state-owned properties were privatized or abandoned. Lack of investment and maintenance left the once-famous buildings and thermal baths deteriorating, leading to a decline in tourism.

In recent years, local organizations and volunteers have made efforts to restore the historic structures and revive Herculane. Preservation groups have raised awareness about its architectural and historical value, while small private investments have begun to improve tourist services. Though much work remains to fully restore it to its former glory, the town is making slow but steady progress. 

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